Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides financial support to individuals who can no longer work due to a disability. Understanding the process can feel overwhelming, so we’ve compiled answers to some of our customer’s most common questions.
What Is SSDI?
SSDI is a federal program that provides monthly benefits to people with disabilities who have worked and paid Social Security taxes. Unlike Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which is needs-based, SSDI eligibility is based on your work history and contributions to the Social Security system. Your benefit amount is calculated based on your lifetime earnings before your disability.
Who Qualifies for SSDI?
To qualify, you must:
- Have a medical condition that meets the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) definition of disability.
- Have enough work credits, which are earned through taxable employment.
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- Typically, you need 40 credits, with 20 earned in the last 10 years before becoming disabled, though younger workers may qualify with fewer credits.
How Does the SSA Evaluate Disability Claims?
The SSA follows a five-step evaluation process to determine eligibility:
- Are you working? – If you earn more than a certain amount per month, known as Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) (in 2024, $1,550 per month for non-blind individuals), you generally won’t qualify.
- Is your condition severe? – Your disability must significantly limit your ability to perform basic work activities, such as lifting, standing or concentrating.
- Is your condition on the SSA’s list of impairments? – The SSA has a Blue Book listing medical conditions that automatically qualify. If your condition isn’t listed, the SSA will review medical evidence to determine eligibility.
- Can you perform your past work? – Even if you can’t do your current job, you may not be eligible if you can still do other types of work that you’ve done before.
- Can you do any other type of work? – The SSA will assess whether you can adjust to other work, considering your condition, age, education and work experience.
How Do I Apply for SSDI?
You can apply:
- Online at ssa.gov
- By phone at 1-800-772-1213
- In person at a local Social Security office (appointment recommended)
You will need to give access to medical records, work history and personal information. The more complete your documentation, the better your chances of a successful claim.
What Medical Conditions Qualify?
The SSA maintains a list of impairments that automatically qualify for SSDI, including:
- Neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, epilepsy)
- Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., arthritis, chronic back pain)
- Mental health conditions (e.g., severe depression, schizophrenia)
- Cardiovascular conditions (e.g., chronic heart failure, stroke effects)
Even if your condition isn’t listed, you may still be eligible if you can prove your condition prevents you from performing substantial work.
How Long Does the Application Process Take?
The process can take a minimum of six months. If denied, the appeals process can take much longer. Certain cases, like those involving terminal illnesses or compassionate allowances, may be expedited.
What Happens if My Application Is Denied?
If your claim is denied, you can appeal. The appeal process includes:
- Reconsideration – A new review of your case.
- Hearing – A judge reviews your claim. This is often the most critical step where many claims are approved.
- Appeals Council Review – If denied again, you can request further review.
- Federal Court – The final step if all previous appeals are denied. Few cases reach this stage, but it is an option if necessary.
Can I Work While Receiving SSDI?
You can work in a limited capacity. SSA has a program called Ticket to Work that allows beneficiaries to test their ability to return to work without immediately losing benefits. The Trial Work Period (TWP) lets you work for nine months while still receiving full benefits, provided you report your income and stay within SSA limits.
How Much Will My Monthly Benefit Be?
The amount depends on your past earnings. SSA’s website has a Benefit Calculator to estimate your payment. In 2024, the average SSDI payment is around $1,537 per month, but individual benefits may vary.
Are Family Members Eligible for Benefits?
Yes. In some cases, your family members may receive benefits:
- Spouses (if 62+ or caring for a child under 16 or disabled)
- Children (under 18 or up to 19 if still in high school)
- Ex-spouses (if married for at least 10 years and currently unmarried)
Family benefits are typically 50% of the disabled worker’s benefit and are subject to a family maximum limit.
What Other Resources Are Available?
- National Disability Rights Network (ndrn.org) – Legal advocacy and disability rights support.
- Disability Benefits Help (disability-benefits-help.org) – Guidance on SSDI claims and appeals.
- Social Security Administration (ssa.gov) – Official information, applications and benefit calculators.
- Local Disability Advocacy Groups – Many nonprofit organizations offer free assistance with SSDI applications and appeals.
- Attorneys and Non-Attorney Representatives – Certified individuals who can represent an individual during the SSDI process.
If you need help with the process, don’t hesitate to seek assistance from a disability advocate or attorney specializing in SSDI cases. Many work on a contingency basis, meaning they only get paid if you win your case.
For more information, visit ssa.gov or contact a local Social Security office for guidance.